"runga" meaning in All languages combined

See runga on Wiktionary

Noun [Irish]

Forms: runga [genitive, singular], rungaí [nominative, plural], rangán [alternative], ronga [alternative], ronnsa [alternative], ronsa [alternative]
Etymology: From English rung Etymology templates: {{dercat|ga|enm|ang|gmw-pro|gem-pro}}, {{der|ga|en|rung}} English rung Head templates: {{head|ga|noun|genitive singular|runga|||||||nominative plural|rungaí|||||altform=|cat2=|f1request=1|f4request=1|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí), {{ga-noun|m|~|~í}} runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)
  1. rung (crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; crosspiece between legs of a chair) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-runga-ga-noun-BnOkLRCl Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 38 22 40 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 27 31 29 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 31 29 2 11
  2. banister (vertical support of a handrail) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-runga-ga-noun-6NXp9DNP Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 38 22 40 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 27 31 29 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 31 29 2 11
  3. rung, step (position in hierarchy) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-runga-ga-noun-G4C6ysd3 Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 38 22 40 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 27 31 29 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 31 29 2 11

Adverb [Māori]

IPA: /ˈruŋa/, [ˈɾʉŋɐ]
Etymology: From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”). Etymology templates: {{inh|mi|poz-pol-pro|*luŋa|t=above, top}} Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”), {{cog|haw|luna|t=above}} Hawaiian luna (“above”) Head templates: {{head|mi|adverb|head=}} runga, {{mi-adv}} runga
  1. upwards, up
    Sense id: en-runga-mi-adv-cLYjQUkq

Preposition [Māori]

IPA: /ˈruŋa/, [ˈɾʉŋɐ]
Etymology: From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”). Etymology templates: {{inh|mi|poz-pol-pro|*luŋa|t=above, top}} Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”), {{cog|haw|luna|t=above}} Hawaiian luna (“above”) Head templates: {{head|mi|preposition}} runga
  1. above, over, upon
    Sense id: en-runga-mi-prep--73SYLFY Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Māori entries with incorrect language header, Māori prepositions Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 27 31 29 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 31 29 2 11 Disambiguation of Māori entries with incorrect language header: 4 96 Disambiguation of Māori prepositions: 2 98

Verb [Swedish]

Etymology: From the same root as ringa (“to ring”), which see. Head templates: {{head|sv|verbs|present|rungar|preterite|rungade|supine|rungat|imperative|runga|head=}} runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga), {{sv-verb-reg}} runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga) Inflection templates: {{sv-conj-wk|nop=1|nopp=1}} Forms: rungar [present], rungade [preterite], rungat [supine], runga [imperative], no-table-tags [table-tags], runga [active, infinitive], - [infinitive, passive], rungat [active, supine], - [passive, supine], runga [active, imperative], - [imperative, passive], rungen [active, archaic, imperative, plural], - [archaic, imperative, passive, plural], rungar [active, indicative, present], rungade [active, indicative, past], - [indicative, passive, present], - [indicative, passive, past], runga [active, archaic, indicative, plural, present], rungade [active, archaic, indicative, past, plural], - [archaic, indicative, passive, plural, present], - [archaic, indicative, passive, past, plural], runge [active, dated, present, subjunctive], rungade [active, dated, past, subjunctive], - [dated, passive, present, subjunctive], - [dated, passive, past, subjunctive], rungande [active, participle, past, present], - [active, participle, past]
  1. (often in the present participle "rungande") to resound (including figuratively)
    Sense id: en-runga-sv-verb-GiszsNjR Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Swedish entries with incorrect language header

Verb [Venda]

Etymology: From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga. Etymology templates: {{inh|ve|bnt-pro|*-tʊ́nga}} Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga Head templates: {{head|ve|verb}} runga
  1. to sew
    Sense id: en-runga-ve-verb-ZJ~JTPGi Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Venda entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ang",
        "4": "gmw-pro",
        "5": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "rung"
      },
      "expansion": "English rung",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English rung",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungaí",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rangán",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronga",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronnsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "nominative plural",
        "12": "rungaí",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "runga",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "~í"
      },
      "expansion": "runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 22 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rung (crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; crosspiece between legs of a chair)"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-ga-noun-BnOkLRCl",
      "links": [
        [
          "rung",
          "rung"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 22 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "banister (vertical support of a handrail)"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-ga-noun-6NXp9DNP",
      "links": [
        [
          "banister",
          "banister"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 22 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rung, step (position in hierarchy)"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-ga-noun-G4C6ysd3",
      "links": [
        [
          "step",
          "step"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "poz-pol-pro",
        "3": "*luŋa",
        "t": "above, top"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haw",
        "2": "luna",
        "t": "above"
      },
      "expansion": "Hawaiian luna (“above”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "mi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "upwards, up"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-mi-adv-cLYjQUkq",
      "links": [
        [
          "upwards",
          "upwards"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruŋa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɾʉŋɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "poz-pol-pro",
        "3": "*luŋa",
        "t": "above, top"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haw",
        "2": "luna",
        "t": "above"
      },
      "expansion": "Hawaiian luna (“above”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 31 29 2 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 98",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Māori prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "above, over, upon"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-mi-prep--73SYLFY",
      "links": [
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ],
        [
          "upon",
          "upon"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruŋa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɾʉŋɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "From the same root as ringa (“to ring”), which see.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rungar",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "tags": [
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungat",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dated",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dated",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "10": "runga",
        "2": "verbs",
        "3": "present",
        "4": "rungar",
        "5": "preterite",
        "6": "rungade",
        "7": "supine",
        "8": "rungat",
        "9": "imperative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga)",
      "name": "sv-verb-reg"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nop": "1",
        "nopp": "1"
      },
      "name": "sv-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "resounding applause",
          "text": "rungande applåder",
          "translation": "resounding applause",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              44
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              29,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The result of the vote was a resounding no",
          "text": "Resultatet av omröstningen blev ett rungande nej",
          "translation": "The result of the vote was a resounding no",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The room resounded with laughter",
          "text": "Rummet rungade av skratt",
          "translation": "The room resounded with laughter",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "a powerful (\"resounding\") slap over the side of the head (idiomatic)",
          "text": "en rungade örfil",
          "translation": "a powerful (\"resounding\") slap over the side of the head (idiomatic)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to resound (including figuratively)"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-sv-verb-GiszsNjR",
      "links": [
        [
          "resound",
          "resound"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "often in the present participle \"rungande\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often in the present participle \"rungande\") to resound (including figuratively)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ve",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*-tʊ́nga"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ve",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Venda",
  "lang_code": "ve",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Venda entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sew"
      ],
      "id": "en-runga-ve-verb-ZJ~JTPGi",
      "links": [
        [
          "sew",
          "sew"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish masculine nouns",
    "Irish nouns",
    "Irish terms derived from English",
    "Irish terms derived from Middle English",
    "Irish terms derived from Old English",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ang",
        "4": "gmw-pro",
        "5": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "en",
        "3": "rung"
      },
      "expansion": "English rung",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From English rung",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungaí",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rangán",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronga",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronnsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ronsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "nominative plural",
        "12": "rungaí",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "runga",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "~í"
      },
      "expansion": "runga m (genitive singular runga, nominative plural rungaí)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rung (crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; crosspiece between legs of a chair)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rung",
          "rung"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "banister (vertical support of a handrail)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "banister",
          "banister"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rung, step (position in hierarchy)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "step",
          "step"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Māori adverbs",
    "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
    "Māori lemmas",
    "Māori prepositions",
    "Māori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
    "Māori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
    "Māori terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "poz-pol-pro",
        "3": "*luŋa",
        "t": "above, top"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haw",
        "2": "luna",
        "t": "above"
      },
      "expansion": "Hawaiian luna (“above”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "mi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "upwards, up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "upwards",
          "upwards"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruŋa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɾʉŋɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Māori adverbs",
    "Māori entries with incorrect language header",
    "Māori lemmas",
    "Māori prepositions",
    "Māori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
    "Māori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
    "Māori terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "poz-pol-pro",
        "3": "*luŋa",
        "t": "above, top"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "haw",
        "2": "luna",
        "t": "above"
      },
      "expansion": "Hawaiian luna (“above”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *luŋa (“above, top”). Cognate with Hawaiian luna (“above”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mi",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Māori",
  "lang_code": "mi",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "above, over, upon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ],
        [
          "upon",
          "upon"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruŋa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɾʉŋɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_text": "From the same root as ringa (“to ring”), which see.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rungar",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "tags": [
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungat",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dated",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungade",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dated",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "passive",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rungande",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "10": "runga",
        "2": "verbs",
        "3": "present",
        "4": "rungar",
        "5": "preterite",
        "6": "rungade",
        "7": "supine",
        "8": "rungat",
        "9": "imperative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runga (present rungar, preterite rungade, supine rungat, imperative runga)",
      "name": "sv-verb-reg"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nop": "1",
        "nopp": "1"
      },
      "name": "sv-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swedish lemmas",
        "Swedish terms with usage examples",
        "Swedish verbs",
        "Swedish weak verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "resounding applause",
          "text": "rungande applåder",
          "translation": "resounding applause",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              44
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              29,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The result of the vote was a resounding no",
          "text": "Resultatet av omröstningen blev ett rungande nej",
          "translation": "The result of the vote was a resounding no",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The room resounded with laughter",
          "text": "Rummet rungade av skratt",
          "translation": "The room resounded with laughter",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "a powerful (\"resounding\") slap over the side of the head (idiomatic)",
          "text": "en rungade örfil",
          "translation": "a powerful (\"resounding\") slap over the side of the head (idiomatic)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to resound (including figuratively)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "resound",
          "resound"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "often in the present participle \"rungande\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often in the present participle \"rungande\") to resound (including figuratively)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ve",
        "2": "bnt-pro",
        "3": "*-tʊ́nga"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ve",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "runga",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Venda",
  "lang_code": "ve",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Venda entries with incorrect language header",
        "Venda lemmas",
        "Venda terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
        "Venda terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
        "Venda verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sew"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sew",
          "sew"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runga"
}

Download raw JSONL data for runga meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.